Pafupifupi makampani 9W adatsekedwa, ndipo mafakitale ambiri adatsekedwa mokakamiza…
Chifukwa cha kutsika kwa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, zopangira zochepa, komanso chithandizo cha mfundo, Vietnam yakopa makampani ambiri akunja kuti amange mafakitale ku Vietnam m'zaka zaposachedwa.Dzikoli lakhala limodzi mwa malo opangira zinthu zazikulu padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo lili ndi chikhumbo chofuna kukhala “fakitale yapadziko lonse lapansi”..Podalira chitukuko cha mafakitale opanga zinthu, chuma cha Vietnam chakweranso kwambiri, kukhala chuma chachinayi ku Southeast Asia.
Komabe, mliri wowopsawu wapangitsa kuti chitukuko cha zachuma ku Vietnam chikumane ndi zovuta zazikulu.Ngakhale zinali zosowa“dziko lachitsanzo popewera miliri”kale, Vietnam wakhala“zosapambana”chaka chino mokhudzidwa ndi kachilombo ka Delta.
Pafupifupi makampani 90,000 adatsekedwa, ndipo makampani opitilira 80 aku US "adavutika"!Chuma cha Vietnam chikukumana ndi zovuta zazikulu
Pa Okutobala 8, anthu ofunikira ku Vietnam adanenanso kuti chifukwa cha zovuta za mliriwu, kuchuluka kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi chaka chino kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 3%, yomwe ndiyotsika kwambiri kuposa yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kale ya 6%.
Nkhawa imeneyi si yopanda pake.Malinga ndi ziwerengero za Vietnam Statistics Bureau, m'magawo atatu oyambirira a chaka chino, pafupifupi makampani a 90,000 adayimitsa ntchito kapena adasowa, ndipo 32,000 ya iwo adalengeza kale kutha kwawo, kuwonjezeka kwa 17.4% poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi. Chaka..Mfundo yakuti mafakitale aku Vietnam satsegula zitseko sizidzangokhudza chuma cha dziko, komanso "zimakhudza" makampani akunja omwe anaika malamulo.
Kuwunikaku kudawonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwachuma ku Vietnam mgawo lachitatu kunali koyipa kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa mliriwu udakula kwambiri panthawiyi, mafakitole adakakamizika kutseka, mizinda idakakamizidwa kutsekeka, ndipo kutumizira kunja kunagunda kwambiri ...
Zhou Ming, wopanga mafoni am'manja ndi zida zam'manja ku Hanoi, Vietnam, adati bizinesi yake siyingagulitsidwe m'nyumba, ndiye tsopano ikhoza kuwonedwa ngati moyo wofunikira.
“Mliriwu utabuka, titha kunena kuti bizinesi yanga sinali bwino.Ngakhale kuti ntchito ingayambike m’madera amene mliriwu suli waukulu kwambiri, kuloŵa ndi kutuluka kwa katundu n’koletsedwa.Katundu yemwe atha kutuluka pamilandu mkati mwa masiku awiri kapena atatu tsopano aimitsidwa mpaka theka la mwezi mpaka mwezi umodzi.Mu Disembala, dongosololi linatsika mwachibadwa. ”
Akuti kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa July mpaka kumapeto kwa September, 80% ya mafakitale a nsapato za Nike ndi pafupifupi theka la mafakitale ake opangira zovala kum'mwera kwa Vietnam atsekedwa.Ngakhale zikunenedwa kuti fakitale iyambiranso kugwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono mu Okutobala, zitenga miyezi ingapo kuti fakitale iyambe kupanga.Kukhudzidwa ndi kusakwanira, ndalama zomwe kampaniyo idapeza mgawo loyamba la chaka cha 2022 zikadali zotsika kuposa momwe amayembekezera.
CFO Matt Friede adati, "Nike idataya osachepera milungu 10 yopanga ku Vietnam, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana."
Kuphatikiza pa Nike, Adidas, Coach, UGG ndi makampani ena aku US omwe ali ndi ntchito zambiri zopanga ku Vietnam onse akhudzidwa.
Vietnam itakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mliriwu ndipo ntchito zake zogulira zidasokonekera, makampani ambiri adayamba "kulingaliranso": Kodi zinali zolondola kusuntha zopanga kupita ku Vietnam?Mkulu wina wa kampani ina yochokera m’mayiko osiyanasiyana anati: “Zinatenga zaka 6 kuti tipange malo ogulitsa zinthu ku Vietnam, ndipo panangotenga masiku 6 kuti asiye.”
Makampani ena akukonzekera kale kusamutsa mphamvu zawo zopangira kubwerera ku China.Mwachitsanzo, mkulu wa kampani ina ya nsapato ku America anati, “Pakali pano dziko la China ndi limodzi mwa malo ochepa kwambiri padziko lonse kumene katundu angapezeke.
Ndi mliri komanso zachuma zomwe zikukulirakulira, Vietnam ili ndi nkhawa.
Pa Okutobala 1st, malinga ndi TVBS, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, idasiya kukonzanso zero ndikulengeza kuchotsedwa kwachitetezo choletsa mliri m'miyezi itatu yapitayi, kulola mapaki amakampani, ntchito zomanga, malo ogulitsira, ndi malo odyera kuti ayambirenso ntchito. .Pa October 6, munthu woidziŵa bwino nkhaniyo anati: “Tsopano tikuyambiranso ntchito pang’onopang’ono.”Ena akuti izi zitha kuthetsa vuto lakusamuka kwa mafakitale ku Vietnam.
Nkhani zaposachedwa pa October 8 zikusonyeza kuti boma la Vietnam lidzapitiriza kukakamiza chomeracho ku Nen Tak Second Industrial Zone m'chigawo cha Dong Nai kuti asiye ntchito kwa masiku 7, ndipo nthawi yoyimitsidwa idzapitirira mpaka October 15. Izi zikutanthauza kuti Kuyimitsidwa kwamakampani aku Japan m'mafakitole m'derali kudzawonjezedwa mpaka masiku 86.
Choipitsitsacho, panthawi yomwe kampaniyo idatseka kwa miyezi iwiri, ogwira ntchito ambiri aku Vietnam osamukira kwawo abwerera kwawo, ndipo ndizovuta kuti makampani akunja apeze antchito okwanira ngati akufuna kuyambiranso kupanga panthawiyi.Malinga ndi Baocheng Group, wopanga nsapato wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi, 20-30% yokha ya antchito ake adabwerera kuntchito kampaniyo itapereka chidziwitso choyambiranso.
Ndipo iyi ndi microcosm ya mafakitale ambiri ku Vietnam.
Kuperewera kwawiri kwa ogwira ntchito kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti makampani ayambirenso ntchito
Masiku angapo apitawo, boma la Vietnam likukonzekera kuyambiranso ntchito zachuma pang'onopang'ono.Kwa mafakitale aku Vietnam opanga nsalu, zovala ndi nsapato, akukumana ndi zovuta ziwiri.Limodzi ndi kusowa kwa maoda akufakitale pomwe lina kusowa kwa ogwira ntchito.Akuti pempho la boma la Vietnam lofuna kuyambiranso ntchito ndi kupanga mabizinesi ndikuti ogwira ntchito m'mabizinesi omwe ayambiranso ntchito ndikuyambiranso kupanga ayenera kukhala m'malo opanda miliri, koma mafakitalewa ali m'malo a mliri, ndipo ogwira ntchito sangabwerere. kugwira ntchito.
Makamaka kum'mwera kwa Vietnam, kumene mliriwu ndi woopsa kwambiri, ngakhale mliriwu uli mu October, n'zovuta kubwezera antchito oyambirirawo kuntchito.Ambiri a iwo anabwerera kwawo kuti apewe mliriwo;kwa ogwira ntchito atsopano, chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa anthu okhala kwaokha ku Vietnam, Kuyenda kwa ogwira ntchito ndikoletsedwa kwambiri, ndipo mwachibadwa ndizovuta kupeza antchito.Chaka chisanathe, kuchepa kwa ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale aku Vietnam kunali 35% -37%.
Chiyambireni mliriwu mpaka pano, malamulo otumiza nsapato ku Vietnam adatayika kwambiri.Zimanenedwa kuti mu August, pafupifupi 20% ya malonda ogulitsa nsapato adatayika.Mu Seputembala, panali kutayika kwa 40% -50%.Kwenikweni, zimatenga theka la chaka kuchokera kukambirana mpaka kusaina.Mwanjira iyi, ngati mukufuna kupanga dongosolo, padzakhala chaka chotsatira.
Pakalipano, ngakhale makampani a nsapato aku Vietnam angafune kuyambiranso ntchito ndi kupanga pang'onopang'ono, pansi pa kusowa kwa malamulo ndi ntchito, zimakhala zovuta kuti makampani ayambenso ntchito ndi kupanga, osasiya kuyambiranso kupanga mliri usanachitike.
Ndiye, kodi dongosololi lidzabwereranso ku China?
Pothana ndi vutoli, makampani ambiri akunja agwiritsa ntchito China ngati dengu lotetezedwa
Fakitale ya ku Vietnam ya Hook Furnishings, kampani yokhazikitsidwa ku America yomwe ili pagulu la mipando, idayimitsidwa kuyambira pa Ogasiti 1. Paul Hackfield, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa zachuma, adati, "Katemera waku Vietnam si wabwino kwenikweni, ndipo boma likufunitsitsa kutseka mafakitale. .”Kumbali ya zofuna za ogula, malamulo atsopano ndi zotsalira zimakhala zamphamvu, ndipo zotumizidwa chifukwa cha kutsekedwa kwa mafakitale ku Vietnam zidzatsekedwa.Zikuwonekera m'miyezi ikubwerayi.
Paulo anati:
"Tidabwerera ku China pakafunika.Ngati tikuwona kuti dziko liri lokhazikika, izi ndi zomwe tingachite.
CFO wa Nike Matt Fried adati:
"Gulu lathu likukulitsa luso lopanga nsapato m'maiko ena ndikusamutsa zovala kuchokera ku Vietnam kupita kumayiko ena, monga Indonesia ndi China ...
Roger Rollins, CEO wa Designer Brands, wopanga nsapato zazikulu ndi zowonjezera, kupanga ndi ogulitsa ku North America, adagawana zomwe anzawo adatumiza maunyolo ndikubwerera ku China:
"Mtsogoleri wina wamkulu adandiuza kuti zidamutengera masiku 6 kuti amalize ntchito yotumiza zinthu zomwe zidatenga zaka 6 m'mbuyomu.Ganizirani kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe aliyense adawononga asanachoke ku China, koma tsopano komwe mungagule katundu Ku China kokha-ndizopenga, ngati chogudubuza. "
LoveSac, wogulitsa mipando yemwe akukula mwachangu kwambiri ku United States, watumizanso maoda ogula kwa ogulitsa ku China.
CFO Donna Delomo anati:
"Tikudziwa kuti zinthu zochokera ku China zimakhudzidwa ndi mitengo yamitengo, yomwe ingatiwonongere ndalama zambiri, koma imatithandiza kusunga zinthu zomwe zimatipatsa mwayi wampikisano komanso wofunikira kwambiri kwa ife ndi makasitomala athu."
Zitha kuwoneka kuti m'miyezi itatu ya kutsekedwa mwamphamvu kwa Vietnamese, ogulitsa aku China akhala zisankho zadzidzidzi kwamakampani akuluakulu apadziko lonse lapansi, koma Vietnam, yomwe idayambiranso ntchito ndi kupanga kuyambira Okutobala 1, idzawonjezeranso zosankha zopanga makampani opanga.Zosiyanasiyana.
Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa kampani yayikulu ya nsapato ku Guangdong adasanthula, "(Malamulo amatumizidwa ku China) Iyi ndi ntchito yanthawi yochepa.Ndikudziwa ochepa kuti mafakitale amasinthidwa.(Nike, ndi zina zotero) Makampani akuluakulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri amapereka malipiro padziko lonse lapansi.Palinso mafakitale ena.(Mafakitale aku Vietnam atsekedwa).Ngati pali malamulo, tidzawachitira kwina.Omwe amasamutsidwa ali kumayiko aku Southeast Asia, kutsatiridwa ndi China. ”
Iye anafotokoza kuti makampani ena m'mbuyomu anasamutsa ambiri a mphamvu mzere kupanga, ndipo pali zochepa kwambiri ku China.Ndizovuta kupanga kusiyana kwa mphamvu.Mchitidwe wofala kwambiri wamakampani ndikusamutsa maoda kumafakitole ena a nsapato ku China ndikugwiritsa ntchito mizere yawo yopanga kuti amalize ntchito.M'malo mobwerera ku China kukakhazikitsa mafakitale ndikumanga mizere yopangira.
Kusamutsa maoda ndi kusamutsa fakitale ndi malingaliro awiri, okhala ndi mizungulire yosiyana, zovuta, ndi phindu lazachuma.
“Ngati kusankha malo, kumanga fakitala, certification ya ogula, ndi kupanga kukayamba, nthawi yosinthira fakitale ya nsapato ikhala chaka chimodzi ndi theka mpaka ziwiri.Kuyimitsidwa kwa Vietnam kupanga ndi kupanga kudatenga miyezi yosachepera 3.Mosiyana ndi izi, kusamutsidwa kwa maoda Kukwanira kuthetsa vuto lakanthawi kochepa. ”
Ngati simutumiza kuchokera ku Vietnam, letsani kuyitanitsa ndikupeza malo ena?Kodi kusiyana kuli kuti?
M'kupita kwa nthawi, kaya "pikoko zimawulukira kum'mwera chakum'mawa" kapena kubwereranso kwa malamulo ku China, kusamutsa ndalama ndi kupanga ndi zosankha zodziimira zamabizinesi kufunafuna zabwino ndikupewa zovuta.Misonkho, ndalama zogwirira ntchito, ndi kulembera anthu ntchito ndizofunikira kwambiri pakusuntha kwamafakitale padziko lonse lapansi.
Guo Junhong, mkulu wamkulu wa Dongguan Qiaohong Shoes Industry, ananena kuti chaka chatha ogula ena anapempha momveka bwino kuti gawo linalake la katundu wotumizidwa liyenera kubwera kuchokera kumaiko akumwera chakum’maŵa kwa Asia monga Vietnam, ndipo makasitomala ena anali ndi maganizo ouma mtima: “Ngati simutumiza kunja. kuchokera ku Vietnam, muletsa oda yanu ndikuyang'ana wina. ”
Guo Junhong adalongosola kuti chifukwa kutumiza kunja kuchokera ku Vietnam ndi mayiko ena omwe angasangalale ndi kuchepetsa mitengo yamtengo wapatali ndi kumasulidwa kuli ndi ndalama zochepa komanso phindu lalikulu, ma OEM ena ochita malonda akunja atumiza njira zopangira ku Vietnam ndi malo ena.
M'madera ena, zolemba za "Made in Vietnam" zimatha kusunga phindu lochulukirapo kuposa "Made in China".
Pa Meyi 5, 2019, a Trump adalengeza za msonkho wa 25% pa US $ 250 biliyoni wazinthu zaku China zomwe zimatumizidwa ku United States.Zogulitsa, makina opangira mafakitale, zida zapakhomo, katundu, nsapato, ndi zovala ndizovuta kwambiri kwa makampani amalonda akunja omwe amapeza phindu laling'ono koma kubweza mwachangu.Mosiyana ndi izi, Vietnam, yomwe dziko la United States ndi dziko lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri lotumizira kunja, limapereka chithandizo chapadera monga kusamalipira msonkho wolowa m'malo otumizira kunja.
Komabe, kusiyana kwa zopinga za tariff kumangowonjezera liwiro la kusamutsa kwa mafakitale.Mphamvu yoyendetsa "pikoko ikuwulukira kum'mwera chakum'mawa" idachitika kale mliriwu usanachitike komanso mikangano yamalonda ya Sino-US.
Mu 2019, kuwunika kwa Rabo Research, tanki yoganiza ku Rabobank, idawonetsa kuti zomwe zidayambitsa kale zinali kukakamizidwa ndi kukwera kwa malipiro.Malinga ndi kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Japan External Trade Organisation mu 2018, 66% yamakampani aku Japan omwe adafunsidwa adati ili ndiye vuto lawo lalikulu pochita bizinesi ku China.
Kafukufuku wa zachuma ndi zamalonda wopangidwa ndi Hong Kong Trade Development Council mu Novembala 2020 adawonetsa kuti mayiko 7 aku Southeast Asia ali ndi phindu la ndalama zogwirira ntchito, ndipo malipiro ochepera pamwezi amakhala ochepera RMB 2,000, omwe amakondedwa ndi makampani akumayiko osiyanasiyana.
Vietnam ili ndi gulu lalikulu la ogwira ntchito
Komabe, ngakhale maiko akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia ali ndi zabwino pazantchito komanso mtengo wamitengo, kusiyana kwenikweni kuliponso mwachilungamo.
M’mwezi wa May, bwana wa kampani ina yochokera m’mayiko osiyanasiyana analemba nkhani yofotokoza zimene zinamuchitikira poyang’anira fakitale ina ku Vietnam:
“Sindimachita mantha ndi nthabwala.Pachiyambi, makatoni olembera ndi mabokosi oyikapo amatumizidwa kuchokera ku China, ndipo nthawi zina katunduyo amakhala okwera mtengo kuposa mtengo wa katundu.Mtengo woyambira wopangira zida zopangira zinthu kuyambira pachiyambi ndi wotsika, ndipo kuyika kwazinthu kumatenga nthawi. ”
Kusiyanaku kumawonekeranso mu luso.Mwachitsanzo, mainjiniya aku China ali ndi ntchito zambiri zaka 10-20.M'mafakitale aku Vietnamese, mainjiniya angomaliza kumene maphunziro awo ku yunivesite kwa zaka zingapo, ndipo antchito ayenera kuyamba maphunziro ndi luso lofunikira kwambiri..
Vuto lodziwika kwambiri ndilakuti mtengo wowongolera kasitomala ndi wokwera.
“Fakitale yabwino kwambiri safuna kuti makasitomala alowererepo, amatha kuthetsa 99% yamavuto okha;pamene fakitale yobwerera m’mbuyo imakhala ndi mavuto tsiku lililonse ndipo imafunika thandizo la makasitomala, ndipo imalakwitsa mobwerezabwereza ndi kulakwitsa m’njira zosiyanasiyana.”
Kugwira ntchito ndi gulu la Vietnamese, amatha kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake.
Kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi yokwera mtengo kumakulitsanso zovuta zowongolera.Malinga ndi omwe ali mkati mwamakampani, ku Pearl River Delta, kubweretsa zinthu zopangira tsiku lomwelo pambuyo poyitanitsa ndizofala.Ku Philippines, zidzatenga milungu iwiri kunyamula ndi kutumiza katunduyo, ndipo oyang'anira akuyenera kukonzekera bwino.
Komabe, mipata imeneyi ndi yobisika.Kwa ogula akuluakulu, zolembazo zimawoneka ndi maso.
Malinga ndi manejala wa kampani yamayiko osiyanasiyana, pazida zomwezo za board board kuphatikiza ndalama zogwirira ntchito, mawu aku Vietnam pagawo loyamba anali otsika mtengo 60% kuposa mafakitale ofanana ku China.
Kuti tigulitse msika ndi mtengo wotsika mtengo, malingaliro amalonda aku Vietnam ali ndi mthunzi wakale waku China.
Komabe, odziwa zambiri m'mafakitale adati, "Ndili ndi chiyembekezo chamtsogolo chamakampani opanga zinthu ku China kutengera mphamvu zaukadaulo komanso kusintha kwazinthu.Sizingatheke kuti kampu yopangira zinthu ichoke ku China! ”
CHINA ONANI.JINANUBO CNCMACHINERY CO.LTD ONANI….
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-19-2021